EMG biofeedback, also known as surface electromyographic biofeedback, involves the placement of electrodes on a patient's muscles to generate a feedback signal, either visually or audibly, in response to muscle activation. This non-invasive technique provides valuable insights into the nervous system, enabling the monitoring of muscle activity. Research indicates that EMG biofeedback can help patients learn more effective ways of using their impaired limb.

The Role of Biofeedback in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation
EMG biofeedback devices employ surface electrodes to detect electrical activity in skeletal muscles. They can be used in two main ways: (1) to retrain injured muscles and (2) to relax overactive muscles. EMG biofeedback facilitates either an increase in activity in weak or paralyzed muscles or a reduction in tone in spastic muscles. The underlying principle of biofeedback suggests that providing individuals with feedback about biological processes enhances their awareness and enables conscious control.
Neurons that Fire Together Wire Together
Neuropsychologist Donald Hebb coined the phrase "Neurons that Fire Together Wire Together" in 1949 to explain how the brain forms and strengthens neural pathways through repetition. The brain possesses the remarkable ability to rewire itself, allowing for improvements in skills such as walking, talking, and utilizing an affected limb. This phenomenon is known as neuroplasticity. Importantly, neuroplasticity is not limited to therapy sessions but can occur at any time.

Enhancing Movement Through Increased Awareness

The brain does not know the difference between what is considered good movement and what is bad or inefficient movement. It learns from both types of movements through repetitions, regardless of their efficiency or effectiveness.
After a stroke, it's always challenging to predict if and when muscle activity and movement will return. Surface electromyography (EMG) offers a non-invasive means of monitoring muscle activity, even in cases where traditional clinical assessments cannot detect any muscle activity.
EMG biofeedback training empowers patients to actively participate in their recovery process from the comfort of their homes, while receiving guidance from a clinician. It is essential to adhere to a well-structured training program that follows a logical progression, systematically replacing inefficient synergistic movements with natural functional movements.